不知道你能不能打开WIKI,上面有具体的定义,是英文的。我粘贴一些基本概念,国内这方面的进展还是太少。 Computational neuroscience is an interdisciplinary science that links the diverse fields of neuroscience, cognitive science, electrical engineering, computer science and physics together. It serves as the primary theoretical method for investigating the function and mechanism of the nervous system. Computational neuroscience traces its historical roots to the work of people such as Andrew Huxley, Alan Hodgkin, and David Marr. Hodgkin and Huxley developed the voltage clamp and created the first mathematical model of the action potential. David Marr's work focused on the interactions between neurons, suggesting computational approaches to the study of how functional groups of neurons within the hippocampus and neocortex interact, store, process, and transmit information. Computational modeling of biophysically realistic neurons and dendrites began with the work of Wilfrid Rall, with the first multicompartmental model using cable theory. Computational neuroscience is distinct from psychological connectionism and theories of learning from disciplines such as machine learning, neural networks and statistical learning theory in that it emphasizes descriptions of functional and biologically realistic neurons and their physiology and dynamics. These models capture the essential features of the biological system at multiple spatial-temporal scales, from membrane currents, protein and chemical coupling to network oscillations and learning and memory. These computational models are used to test hypotheses that can be directly verified by current or future biological experiments. Currently, the field is undergoing a rapid expansion. There are many software packages, such as GENESIS_(software) and Neuron_(software), that allow rapid and systematic in silico modeling of realistic neurons. Blue Brain, a collaboration between IBM and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, aims to construct a biophysically detailed simulation of a cortical column on the Blue Gene
supercomputer. |